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Mayonnaise

Creamy classic for salads and sandwiches

Wiki about mayonnaise Nutri-Score D Vegan No Gluten-free Yes Lactose-free Yes Nut-free Yes
NUTRITION / 100 g
680 kcal 1 g Protein 1 g Kohlenhydrate 75 g Fett

Introduction

Bowl with mayonnaise
Mayonnaise is one of the most versatile and at the same time most debated ingredients in European kitchens. As a 35-year-old editor who has written about food for years and researched in various countries, I encounter this creamy emulsion repeatedly: sometimes as a subtle carrier of flavor in refined sauces, sometimes as the main actor in popular classics like fries with mayo. Its reputation ranges from cultishly revered to viewed with skepticism, yet few sauces connect so many cuisines and traditions. Whether France, Spain, Belgium or Germany — debates about origin, texture and the best preparation method are almost as rich as the mayonnaise itself.

Historically mayonnaise is often linked to French cuisine, while the theory of its origin on Menorca, specifically in Mahón, frequently resurfaces. The legend claims the sauce originated there as "Mahonnaise" and was later adopted by France. Regardless of the exact origin, the basic idea is simple and brilliant: an emulsion of egg yolk and oil, stabilized by an acid such as lemon juice or vinegar, seasoned with salt, pepper and mustard. This combination yields a silky, dense texture that works both on its own and as a base for other sauces.

In my first attempts to make mayonnaise myself, I learned the classic whisk method. My grandmother swore by adding the oil drop by drop, "so the emulsion doesn't break." A colleague of mine, by contrast, claims he makes it in 60 seconds with an immersion blender, directly in a tall, narrow vessel — with full success. Both ways work, but patience and the temperature of the ingredients play a decisive role. Room-temperature eggs and a neutral oil are the best allies for a stable, glossy mayo.

In Europe, mayonnaise is more than just a side. It is a culinary foundation for aioli (with garlic), remoulade (with herbs, capers and often pickles), tartar sauce (with onions, capers and parsley) or rouille (with saffron and chili). In Belgium and the Netherlands it is served with crispy fries, in France it accompanies

Availability & types

Availability and types of mayonnaise

Mayonnaise is one of the most well-known sauces in the world. It is made from a few basic ingredients: oil, egg yolk, acid (for example vinegar or lemon juice) and some salt. Sometimes mustard and sugar are added. Because these ingredients are very common, mayonnaise is easy to obtain almost everywhere — in supermarkets, delicatessens, take-away stands and of course homemade in one's own kitchen. It is so popular because it tastes mild, is creamy and pairs well with many dishes, for example fries, sandwiches, salads or as a base for other sauces.

Origin and distribution
The exact origin of mayonnaise is not completely clear. The Spanish town of Maó (on Menorca) is often cited as the birthplace. From there the sauce is said to have come to France, where it was refined and became very well known. In the 19th century mayonnaise spread throughout Europe and later to America. Today it is part of the basic fridge stock in many countries and is produced in countless variants.

Everyday availability
Mayonnaise is available year-round. You can find it in different packaging:

  • Glass jar: Classic form, good for the fridge, easy to spoon out.
  • Tube or dispenser bottle: Practical for everyday use, easy to dose, often with an anti-drip valve.
  • Large formats: For catering or large families, usually in buckets or large bottles.
Supermarkets often display several brands side by side. There are cheap private-labels, well-known brands and specialty deli mayonnaises. In organic shops you'll find organic variants that focus on ecological ingredients.

Basic types and taste
Although all mayonnaises look similar, they differ in taste and composition. Important differences are:

  • Type of oil: Sunflower oil gives a mild flavor. Rapeseed oil is also neutral and widespread. Olive oil brings a stronger, sometimes slightly bitter note.

Details & nutrition

Property Value
Unit g
Average weight per piece 15
Calories per 100 680
Protein per 100 1
Carbohydrates per 100 1
Sugar per 100 1
Fat per 100 75
Saturated fat per 100 10
Monounsaturated fat 45
Polyunsaturated fat 20
Fiber per 100 0
Vitamin C (mg) per 100 0
Vitamin D (IU) per 100 0
Calcium (mg) per 100 8
Iron (mg) per 100 0.2
Nutri-Score D
CO₂ footprint 2.5 kg CO2e/kg
Origin International, depending on manufacturer
Gluten-free Yes
Lactose-free Yes
Nut-free Yes
Vegan No
Note Traditionally made from vegetable oil, egg yolk, vinegar/lemon juice and salt; energy-dense, store chilled and use quickly after opening.

Technical & scientific information

Mayonnaise is a stable, cold oil-in-water emulsion, composed primarily of edible oil, egg yolk, acidic components and salt. As a fundamental emulsified sauce, it connects hydrophobic lipid phases with an aqueous matrix and also serves as a base for numerous dressings, dips and deli salads. In food technology mayonnaise is considered a reference product for sensory creaminess, stable viscosity and controlled microstructure.

Composition and raw materials: Classic mayonnaise contains 65–80% vegetable oil (e.g. rapeseed, sunflower or soybean oil), 5–9% egg yolk, 0.2–1.0% salt, organic acids (e.g. acetic acid or citric acid) and optionally sugar, mustard and spices. Egg yolk provides emulsifiers such as lecithin and lipoproteins. The pH usually lies between 3.6 and 4.2, which favors microbial stability. Depending on the recipe, fatty acid profiles, omega-6 to omega-3 ratios and the content of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) vary.

Emulsion chemistry and structure: Mayonnaise is a highly concentrated, dispersion-stabilized emulsion. Oil droplets with typical diameters of 1–10 µm are stabilized by an interfacial layer of phospholipids, proteins and mustard oils.
- Emulsifiers: Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) adsorbs at the oil-water interface, lowers interfacial tension and prevents coalescence.
- Viscosity build-up: The high volume fraction of oil droplets leads to the formation of a jammed state; this results in pronounced shear-thinning and viscoelastic flow behavior.
- Stability: Acids lower the pH and increase protein charge, which promotes electrostatic repulsion between droplets. Salt ions modulate these forces; however, too high ionic strength can cause destabilization.

Manufacturing
Wiki entry for: mayonnaise
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